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B negative blood type

What B− means for antigens, compatibility and inheritance

What B negative (B−) blood means: the B antigen without RhD, who B− can donate red cells to, who it can receive from, plasma notes, and inheritance context.

By BloodTypeCalc.com Editorial TeamPublished Suggest a correction

Quick answer

B negative (B−) means red blood cells carry the B antigen but not the RhD antigen. B− red cells can generally be given to B−, B+, AB−, and AB+ recipients, and B− people can generally receive red cells only from B− and O− donors.

What B− means

The B indicates the B antigen on red cells, with anti-A antibodies typically in plasma. The minus sign indicates the RhD antigen is absent.

As an Rh-negative type, B− recipients are generally matched with Rh-negative red cells, limiting compatible donors to B− and O−.

B negative is among the less common blood types in many populations, so blood services often encourage B− donors to give regularly.

B negative at a glance
PropertyValue
ABO groupB
Rh (D) statusNegative (RhD antigen absent)
Red cell antigensB
Plasma antibodies (typical)anti-A

Compatibility summary

General red cell and plasma compatibility for B− under the simplified ABO/Rh model. Real transfusions also depend on antibody screening and crossmatching.

General compatibility for B−
ProductCan give toCan receive from
Red blood cellsB−, B+, AB−, AB+O−, B−
Plasma (ABO only)B, OB, AB

See the full compatibility chart for all eight types.

Inheritance context

Type B can result from BB or BO genotypes; Rh-negative requires the dd genotype.

A B− child could have Rh-positive parents if both carry a hidden d allele (Dd).

Under the standard model, at least one parent must carry a B allele (type B or AB). A type B child is not expected from two type O parents, or from an A and an O parent, because neither would carry B.

Work through specific parent combinations with the baby blood type calculator, or find which parent types could produce a B− child with the parent calculator.

Limitations

  • Blood type can only be confirmed by laboratory testing. Family history, calculators, and self-report are not substitutes.
  • Compatibility rules on this page are general educational summaries. Real transfusion decisions also depend on antibody screening, crossmatching, product type, and clinical judgment.
  • Rare variants such as the Bombay phenotype, cis-AB, and weak or partial D expression can produce results that differ from the simplified ABO/Rh model.

Frequently asked questions

Who can B− donate red blood cells to?
Under general compatibility rules, B− red cells can be given to: B−, B+, AB−, AB+.
Who can B− receive red blood cells from?
Under general compatibility rules, B− recipients can receive red cells from: O−, B−.
Is B− rare?
B− is one of the less common blood types. Frequencies vary by population, so donors of this type are especially valued by blood services.

Sources

Information on this page is paraphrased from the following authoritative sources.

  1. Facts About Blood and Blood Types(opens in a new tab)American Red Cross
  2. Blood typing(opens in a new tab)MedlinePlus, U.S. National Library of Medicine
  3. Rh Incompatibility(opens in a new tab)MedlinePlus, U.S. National Library of Medicine