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AB positive blood type

What AB+ means for antigens, compatibility and inheritance

What AB positive (AB+) blood means: both A and B antigens plus RhD, why AB+ is called the universal red cell recipient, plasma notes, and inheritance context.

By BloodTypeCalc.com Editorial TeamPublished Suggest a correction

Quick answer

AB positive (AB+) means red blood cells carry both A and B antigens as well as the RhD antigen. Because AB+ plasma generally lacks anti-A, anti-B, and anti-D antibodies, AB+ people can generally receive red cells from all eight common types. AB+ red cells can generally be given only to AB+ recipients.

What AB+ means

AB indicates both A and B antigens are present on red cells. Plasma from AB people typically contains neither anti-A nor anti-B antibodies.

This lack of ABO antibodies is why AB+ is often described as the universal red cell recipient. Rh-positive status means Rh-positive or Rh-negative red cells are both generally acceptable.

Because AB red cells carry both antigens, they are only compatible with AB recipients. AB plasma, however, is broadly compatible and is considered the universal plasma type.

AB positive at a glance
PropertyValue
ABO groupAB
Rh (D) statusPositive (RhD antigen present)
Red cell antigensA, B, RhD
Plasma antibodies (typical)None (ABO)

Compatibility summary

General red cell and plasma compatibility for AB+ under the simplified ABO/Rh model. Real transfusions also depend on antibody screening and crossmatching.

General compatibility for AB+
ProductCan give toCan receive from
Red blood cellsAB+O−, O+, A−, A+, B−, B+, AB−, AB+
Plasma (ABO only)A, B, AB, OAB

See the full compatibility chart for all eight types.

Inheritance context

Type AB has only one genotype under the standard model: one A allele and one B allele. This means one parent contributed A and the other contributed B.

An AB child cannot have a type O parent under the standard model, because a type O parent (OO) cannot pass on A or B. Rare exceptions such as cis-AB exist.

Two AB parents can have A, B, or AB children (25%, 25%, 50%) but not type O children.

Work through specific parent combinations with the baby blood type calculator, or find which parent types could produce a AB+ child with the parent calculator.

Limitations

  • Blood type can only be confirmed by laboratory testing. Family history, calculators, and self-report are not substitutes.
  • Compatibility rules on this page are general educational summaries. Real transfusion decisions also depend on antibody screening, crossmatching, product type, and clinical judgment.
  • Rare variants such as the Bombay phenotype, cis-AB, and weak or partial D expression can produce results that differ from the simplified ABO/Rh model.

Frequently asked questions

Who can AB+ donate red blood cells to?
Under general compatibility rules, AB+ red cells can be given to: AB+.
Who can AB+ receive red blood cells from?
Under general compatibility rules, AB+ recipients can receive red cells from: O−, O+, A−, A+, B−, B+, AB−, AB+.
Is AB+ rare?
AB+ is one of the less common blood types. Frequencies vary by population, so donors of this type are especially valued by blood services.

Sources

Information on this page is paraphrased from the following authoritative sources.

  1. Facts About Blood and Blood Types(opens in a new tab)American Red Cross
  2. Blood typing(opens in a new tab)MedlinePlus, U.S. National Library of Medicine
  3. Rh Incompatibility(opens in a new tab)MedlinePlus, U.S. National Library of Medicine